Bagpipes

The bagpipe has been Scotland’s national instrument for centuries and remains popular to this day. However, it was not invented by the Scots – it was once brought to the Foggy Albion through Ireland by the Vikings. But it was in Scotland that this “pipe-bottle” became as much a national symbol as the kilt. This is a very ancient musical instrument, the origin of which goes back to the East. In Europe, the bagpipe appeared only in the Middle Ages. In those times the instrument looked a bit different: the old bagpipes had two pipes and did not look as beautiful as modern instruments decorated with national decorations. The Scots worked on it themselves – they added another pipe and provided the bag with a piece of plaid fabric.

It seems incredible to contemporaries, but the original purpose of the future national instrument was quite different. Since the bagpipe produces a loud and specific sound, which can be heard at a distance of up to three kilometers, it was used for military purposes – as a signaling instrument.

Like other Scottish national instruments, the bagpipe is also made from improvised materials. It is usually made of a sheep or goat skin turned inside out, from which a blind sack is sewn, into which five pipes are inserted. The bagpiper blows air into the bag through the upper tube, the lower tube has holes cut in it to change the tonality of the sounds, and the other three tubes produce the sounds.

The sounding bagpipe is hard to confuse with any other instrument, which certainly makes it unique. In ancient times, each clan had its own bagpiper, who was present at all events, festivals and on the campaigns of the clan head. Medieval bagpipers could blow extended melodies whose shape could barely be grasped – the so-called “pibroch”. This is now considered a classic tune specifically created for the Scottish bagpipe.

However, it should not be thought that the Scots knew no other musical instrument besides the bagpipes. It’s just that bagpipes are more publicized and used more often during national celebrations these days. After all, the Scots not only fought and needed signaling instruments, but also entertained themselves with other instruments.

Carnix

The carnyx was the rarer national instrument of the Scots, now sadly not played at all. It was last sung probably a couple of thousand years ago. The remains of these instruments have been found by archaeologists and can now be seen in the National Museum of Scotland. The sound of the carnyx was no less melodic than that of the famous bagpipes. However, bagpipes are annoying to many people with their boring squeakiness, but the carnyx had a much more gentle, even velvety sound. Perhaps its sound can be recognized as sad, but with enough imagination you can hear a lot in it: the brackish taste of the northern sea, the smell of a fire, the sound of the wind in the Highland mountains.
Natural materials were also used to make carnyx, but in this case it was deer antler. The carnyx was mainly used for battle signals.

Whistle

The Scots have another national musical instrument and also a wind instrument – it is a whistle. Both in sound and appearance it somewhat resembles a flute. It is not known at what time this instrument was created, but it seems to be very, very old. The whistle is luckier than the carnyx in the sense that it is still used by the people, although Icelandic folk art is more fond of this original instrument.

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Spring

Early spring is cooler in the north of the island of Britain, although daytime temperatures do rise. The weather remains very capricious and you can see almost all the seasons during the day. On the coast in southern Scotland, rainfall becomes less and less compared to the winter months, but in the north-east of the country heavy snowfall is not uncommon even in early April. Recent years have been particularly noteworthy in terms of late snowfalls, as nature has started to deliver such surprises more frequently. Temperatures continue to rise reluctantly in April.

The second half of spring on the coast is the driest time of the year. At the same time, primroses and daffodils begin to bloom, and the first leaves begin to appear on the trees. The air warms up to +10 degrees during the day.

Summer

Scottish summer even by our standards is considered cooler. When July or August comes, even in the hottest days the air here is not warmer than +23 degrees Celsius. In addition, frequent rains, especially in the west of the country, often lead to cold weather, so it is better to travel there with a jacket or sweater in your luggage. There is a big difference between day and night temperatures – after sunset the air cools down by 7-9 degrees. In mid-summer, the meadows and heathlands are covered with the cherry and pink haze of blooming heather, and the air is filled with its aroma. But enjoy the mountain nature here at temperatures no higher than +15 degrees Celsius.

Autumn

In September, the temperature regime is almost the same as in May, except for precipitation, which is quite abundant in the western regions of the country. For example, in Glasgow there are daily rains with thunderstorms, which, however, stop quite quickly. It is much nicer in Cardiff, where it is more often possible to walk without an umbrella. The average daily temperature in September fluctuates around +15 degrees Celsius. But in October the weather deteriorates sharply – the sky is constantly covered with low rain clouds, which more and more often pour down prolonged rain. The humidity is very high and strong winds and fogs are common on the coast at this time. In November, the first snow falls in the mountainous areas and temperatures sometimes fall below freezing. Severe storms are not uncommon in the south of the country. Although the air warms up to +8 degrees Celsius during the day, even this temperature is uncomfortable due to winds and dampness.

Winter

Since Scotland’s climate is determined by moist and warm Atlantic air currents, local winters are much milder than in the regions of Russia or Norway located at the same latitude. But compared to other parts of the UK, Scottish average daily winter temperatures are the lowest. The north and center of the country are much colder than the coast. It is slightly warmer in the west than in the east as colder air masses from the North Sea arrive. The air in the south of Scotland warms up to +4-6 degrees Celsius during the day, but at night it can freeze to -1 degrees Celsius. The weather is usually rainy and windy, often with wet snow. Significant cold spells are likely, although temperatures do not drop below -6 degrees Celsius. But in northeastern cities and in the mountains, frosts can get as low as minus 8-10 degrees Celsius. Snow cover remains stable throughout the winter, and avalanches are possible in the mountains. It can be relatively cold in the center of the country, but with less winds and vagaries of weather.

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But what Scotland’s largest city lacks in fairy-tale castles and manicured landscapes, it more than makes up for in its cheeky attitude, style and atmosphere.

Digging deeper, Glasgow is at the forefront of the British arts and culture scene, home to renowned museums and architecture (old and new), and one of 31 UNESCO cities recognized as City of Music worldwide.

The bars and nightlife are also notoriously good for a good time, and its reputation as one of the sportiest cities in Europe precedes it.

However, tourism statistics show that around one million more people visited Edinburgh than Glasgow in 2016, suggesting that many travelers to Scotland are missing out on the charm.

History

History is everywhere in Edinburgh, from the narrow alleyways of the Old Town to Holyroodhouse Palace, the official residence of the Queen when she visits the city.

In Glasgow, visitors may have to search a bit for their historical dose. But not for too long. More than 1800 buildings in the city are listed as historically significant.

The oldest house in Glasgow dates back to 1471 and is a mainstay of the city’s many historical tours, while the impressive Glasgow Cathedral, built between the 13th and 15th centuries, offers a fascinating glimpse into the city’s medieval past.

Elsewhere, Cochrane highlights the Gowanus Stones, a collection of Viking-era monuments from the 9th to 11th centuries widely recognized as some of the best surviving medieval sculptures in Britain.

Music

Franz Ferdinand, Simple Minds, Mogwai, Primal Scream, Belle and Sebastian, Arab Strap, Chvrches, Teenage Fanclub, The Delgados, The Jesus and the Mary Chain – Glasgow has been an incubator for countless bands that have gone on to become successful.

The iconic Barrowland Ballroom continues to host the best in the business, while smaller venues such as King Tut’s Wah Wah Hut – where Oasis were famously discovered by Creation Records boss Alan McGee – Nice N Sleazy, Stereo and SWG3 promote the best exciting new acts.

Scottish folk artists are the focus of Celtic Connections, but the festival also looks to international and global music genres. Great performers to have come over the years include Joan Baez, Bob Geldof, Sinead O’Connor and Shane McGowan.

Edinburgh may be home to exciting young bands like the Young Fathers and old hats like Idlewild, but Glasgow is dancing to its own music.

Architecture old and new

The shipyards on the River Clyde once employed thousands of skilled craftsmen and gave birth to legendary British ships such as HMS Hood and QE2. They also helped shape much-loved personalities such as former Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson and comedian Billy Connolly.

Today, only a part of the old industry remains. But the banks of the Clyde are far from deserted, with many shining new buildings appearing in recent years.

The impressive Riverside Transport Museum, designed by Zaha Hadid, was named European Museum of the Year in 2013. A short walk away are the Science Center and Clyde Auditorium (creatively nicknamed “Armadillo” because of its resemblance to the armored South American mammal), which add a futuristic theme to the riverside.

The ultra-cool Hydro, meanwhile, is the work of Foster + Partners and opened in 2013. In 2016, there were only seven arenas around the world that saw more visitors.

Skip the glass

Scotland is famous for its whisky, and Glasgow and Edinburgh offer a lot to see and do for those looking for a glass.

Edinburgh is home to The Scotch Whisky Experience on the popular Royal Mile, as well as a number of specialized bars throughout the city.

Naturally, Glasgow pays tribute to the national drink of Scotland. Two of the country’s largest whisky festivals – the National Whisky Festival (January) and the Glasgow Whisky Festival (November) – are held annually in the city.

Meanwhile, several old-fashioned whisky establishments offer tastings and events all year round.

The Pot Still bar in the city center offers a selection of more than 700 whiskies and was recognized as the Scottish Whisky Bar of the Year in 2017. Similarly, the Ben Nevis bar in the West End and the nearby Bon Accord offer a wide selection from around the world.

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Edinburgh is the most beautiful city not only in Scotland but also in the whole of the UK. No wonder it ranks second after London in terms of tourist attendance.

Every year, 2 billion pounds are earned from tourists in Edinburgh. For comparison, in London, which was visited by 16 million tourists last year, making the UK capital the first city in the world in terms of the number of tourists, this income is more than 10 billion pounds.

Most tourists travel to Edinburgh to visit the Edinburgh Fortress, located on the Castle Rock. It has been used by various military forces since 900 BC.

Edinburgh is also famous for its museums. The Museum of Writers is dedicated to Walter Scott, Robert Burns, and Robert Louis Stevenson. Their visitors are mostly creative people. The Museum of Edinburgh is more interesting to history buffs. And the Museum of Childhood, which is famous for its large number of children’s toys, is more popular with parents with children.

Another attraction of Edinburgh and Scotland is a dog of the Sky Terrier breed, which went down in history as Bobby the Greyfriars. Bobby belonged to John Gray, who worked for the Edinburgh City Police as a night watchman. They lived together for about two years until John Gray died of tuberculosis and was buried in Greyfriars Cemetery. Bobby, who outlived his master by fourteen years, spent the rest of his life at his grave, only occasionally going to a restaurant near the cemetery where he was fed by his owner, or to wait out the cold in nearby houses.

The national consciousness of the Scots was aroused by an Australian of Irish descent

Throughout 1996, Scotland was in a tizzy. National passions were running high. The number of people wishing to join nationalist parties increased many times over. The reason for this rise in national feelings was the Oscar-winning film “Braveheart” by Australian Mel Gibson. In a matter of days, Gibson himself became a national hero in Scotland, despite the fact that he is an Australian of Irish descent and works in the United States.

The story of the love, struggle and death of the Scottish rebel William Wallace, embodied by Gibson on the screen in a three-hour movie epic, stirred millions of hearts as if the events of seven hundred years ago had happened only yesterday.

The Scottish Parliament building is one of the ugliest buildings in Europe

The Scottish Parliament building is one of the most controversial construction projects in the UK at the beginning of the 21st century. Not only is it located in the Old Town of Edinburgh, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, but it also cost taxpayers an amount that far exceeded the original budget.

It was planned that the ultra-modern parliamentary complex opposite the Royal Palace of Holyrood could be built in two years at a cost of 195 million pounds. In fact, it took five years and 414 million pounds. This cost overrun and the difficult to perceive postmodern architecture of the Catalan author Enric Mirallas affected the public reputation of the building – it is included in various lists of the ugliest buildings in Britain.

The most photogenic railway bridge was built in Scotland

The Glenfinnan Viaduct is known far beyond the borders of the UK. Fans of Harry Potter books and movies associate this viaduct primarily with the Hogwarts Express. After all, it was the famous train that ran through it in the movie Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.

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The mountain majesty of Scotland

Undoubtedly, the mountains have become the hallmark of Scotland. They stretch to the sky like monuments of antiquity, stone warriors guarding the land. Between their heights, where the air becomes thinner, where the clouds easily touch the peaks, there is a whole world full of adventures waiting to be discovered.

The Grampian Mountains are a cult place for outdoor enthusiasts. It is a refuge for those who love nature in its pristine beauty, who seek solitude in the wilderness, who seek to test themselves. Each peak here is not just a geological formation, but a story waiting for its hero.

But there is a mountain that stands apart. A mountain whose name is known to everyone who is interested in Scotland. It is Ben Nevis, the highest mountain in the whole of the UK. Its height is 1344 meters. This imposing peak rises above the landscapes of Scotland, proudly looking out over the surrounding area. It attracts climbers from all over the world who seek to conquer its peak.

List of popular mountain peaks in Scotland:

• Ben Nevis is the king of the Scottish mountains, the highest point in the UK;
• Ben McDooey is the second highest peak located in the Cairngorms mountain range;
• Breiriach is the third highest peak in Scotland, also located in the Cairngorms;
• Carn Etive is one of the most famous mountains in Scotland, with many popular routes leading to its summit;
• Sullivan is a magnificent mountain located on the west coast, known for its rocky peaks.

These mountains are symbols of Scotland, the embodiment of its greatness and wild beauty. They offer unforgettable views, challenges for physical endurance, and great stories to tell when you return home. What could be better than the feeling of conquering a peak when the world seems so small and infinitely beautiful below you?

Scotland’s waterways: lakes and rivers

The lakes that wash the feet of the mountains and mirror the clouds on their surfaces are truly Scotland’s treasures. They are woven into its history, mythology, and spirituality. From the majestic Loch Ness to the colorful Loch Lomond, each lake has its own unique story.

Loch Ness, famous for its mysterious monster, attracts curious tourists from all over the world. This lake, full of mysteries and myths, has become a symbol of Scotland, a place where people seek the unknown.

While Loch Lomond is the image of an ideal lake, where the waters reflect the mountain peaks, creating a picture of indescribable beauty. It is the largest lake in Scotland and has an incredible variety of wildlife.

Rivers also add magic to the Scottish landscape. The River Tay, the longest river in Scotland, runs picturesquely through majestic castles and rich forests, like a living silhouette against the vastness of the landscape.

List of iconic water bodies in Scotland:

• Loch Ness is home to a legendary monster and attracts adventure hunters;
• Loch Lomond is the largest lake in Scotland with stunning views of the surrounding mountains;
• Loch Morar is the deepest lake in the UK, known for its sulfuric beauty;
• The River Tay is the longest river in Scotland, flowing through the most picturesque landscapes of the country;
• The River Spey is the second longest river in Scotland, known for its whisky distillation.

Scotland’s lakes and rivers are natural wonders, places that add a unique charm to the country’s landscape. Visiting these places, you can feel the power of nature, as well as the tranquility it has to offer.

Scottish forests and nature reserves: wildlife in its pristine beauty
In Scotland, nature doesn’t just surround you – it immerses you in its world, where every day is a discovery. The forests of Scotland, covered with shaggy mosses, strewn with ancient stones, and decorated with a lush variety of plants and animals, are a unique ecosystem full of mysteries and wonders.

In the north of Scotland there are majestic pine forests. They are home to many rare species of animals and birds, creating the atmosphere of a fairy-tale kingdom where nature still reigns supreme.

The Cairngorms Nature Reserve is one of these unique places. It is a land where you can meet beavers, deer, and if you are lucky, even rare snow leopards. It is a place where the air is clean and nature remains untouched.

A list of some famous Scottish nature reserves and forests:

• The Cairngorms National Park is home to rare snow leopards and is also one of the best places for wildlife watching;
• Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park – here you can see a rich variety of birds and enjoy spectacular scenery;
• Glen Effock Forest is an ancient pine forest, home to many rare species of animals;
• The Farn Nature Reserve is a unique marine ecosystem, home to a large number of seabirds;
• Ramnabol Nature Reserve is known for its beautiful rocky landscapes and abundant wildlife.

Scotland’s forests and nature reserves are fabulous worlds filled with unique beauty and diversity of life. They are oases of calm and tranquility, ideal places to immerse yourself in yourself, to get to know nature. Here, among the centuries-old trees and quiet lakes, everyone can find their own little universe, where only peace, tranquility and harmony with the world around them are important.

Snowy peaks and rocky landscapes: the majesty of nature in Scotland

Snowy peaks, cliffs and rugged mountain landscapes are an integral part of the Scottish landscape. They create a special atmosphere of this country, make it truly unique and inimitable. The rocky peaks rising above the clouds are frozen in silent admiration before the power of nature, like sentinels guarding the northern lands.

The Isle of Skye is known for its rocks – majestic, ancient, like monuments of time. These rocks jutting out of the sea are unique and inimitable. They create a picture of wild beauty that cannot be forgotten.

When winter arrives in Scotland, it brings snow that covers the mountaintops, turning them into a place of pure magic. Here you can go skiing, enjoy the snowy landscapes, or just stop to enjoy the endless white panorama.

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Links golf – played among the rugged dunes that connect the land to the sea – is a special challenge, where fresh winds, deep bunkers, firm fairways and thick grass challenge players of all skill levels.

To get a taste of golf as it was invented, a trip to Scotland is on the bucket list of almost everyone who has ever held a club.

St. Andrews

Known as the “birthplace of golf”, the game has been played in various forms on the courses of St. Andrews since the 15th century.

This historic seaside and university town northeast of Edinburgh on the east coast of Fife is home to seven golf courses, with the Old Course taking center stage.

The Old Course occupies a windswept triangle of dunes, hills and sagebrush bordering West Sands Beach to the east and is located between the New Course (1895) and Eden Course, as well as Jubilee, Strathairn and Balgove courses. Castle Field is located on top of a cliff overlooking the city.

The old course starts in front of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club house and leads to the Eden Estuary and then turns to the house. There are many blind shots through reed beds and scary bunkers named “Hell” and “Coffins” that require careful navigation.

Kingsbarns

Just along the coast from St. Andrews is Kingsbarns, a modern links-style golf course opened in 2000 in a picturesque cliff-top location.

Created on the land where golf first appeared in 1793, Kingsbarns quickly took the top spot on many tourists’ bucket lists for its rugged views, championship course challenge and luxurious hospitality.

Turnberry

On an unspoiled strip of Ayrshire coastline on the western flank of Scotland is the pearl of Turnberry, which today is best known for being owned by US President Donald Trump.

The President bought this famous course in 2014 before taking office and signed off on a multi-million dollar renovation, including the famous Edwardian Turnberry Hotel.

The redesign of the masterpiece Ailsa course includes bringing the iconic lighthouse to the forefront with a new ninth green at its base. The location and views of the Ailsa Craig cliff and the island of Arran are still magnificent, and the redesign has received rave reviews.

Carnoustie

The Championship Golf Course is one of three Carnoustie links golf courses that juts out like a shark’s tooth into the North Sea on the east coast of Scotland.

The long, rugged course is arguably the most challenging at the Open Championship, especially when the wind is blowing.

During the 1999 Open Championship, it was known as “Car-nasty” because of the dense brambles, narrow fairways and severe weather.

That year, Frenchman Jean van de Velde, leading on the last hole, made a shot from the creek, after which the Scotsman Paul Lawrie won the playoff.

Royal Troon

Troon was founded in 1878, but took its current form 10 years later in the South Ayrshire town overlooking the Clyde Bay on the west coast of Scotland, south of Glasgow.

The Old Course is a classic “out-and-back” links course with a relatively flat start and finish and a devilish middle section that runs through picturesque links fields overlooking the island of Arran. The wind is its main defense – a breeze in the face as you return home is a formidable challenge.

Muirfield

The historic Muirfield Links course has been in existence since 1891 and is home to the Honorable Company of Edinburgh Golfers.

This famous course is located east of Edinburgh on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth in East Lothian, which is called the “Golf Coast of Scotland”.

The course has two nine-hole loops running in opposite directions, so the wind never blows from the same direction on consecutive holes.

Royal Dornoch

On the north shore of the Dornoch Firth on the northeast coast of Scotland is one of the most revered courses: Royal Dornoch. Golf has been played in this seaside town, located north of Inverness, since 1616, but the current club has existed “only” since 1877.

There are two courses in Royal Dornoch – Champion and Struie, but it is the former that attracts visitors from all over the world.

The winding sandy shore and dunes behind it, the fast running field with hills, hollows, bunkers and reed beds is a real test for the links, located between the sea and the purple heather-covered mountains.

Whisky lovers can visit the Glenmorangie and Ardmore distilleries, located beyond the Dornoch Fort Bridge on the A9 highway south toward Inverness.

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And the tumultuous stories of Scotland are real, real episodes of Game of Thrones.

No visit to Scotland would be complete without immersing yourself in its fascinating history – and what better way to do that than on the country’s most famous battlefields. In an era when Scotland is reasserting its statehood, tracing the country’s battle history – from Stirling Bridge in 1297 to the Battle of Culloden in 1746 – shows just how hard-won that identity has been.

Stirling Bridge, 1297

Fans of Mel Gibson’s Braveheart know Stirling as the first major victory of the rebellious Scottish landowner William Wallace over the troops of Edward “Longshanks” I of England. But perhaps you didn’t know that Wallace was a general along with Andrew Murray (no, not that one!). Murray or Moray was the head of a powerful Scottish family that had raised the flag of rebellion the previous year.

The victory at Stirling was probably more Murray’s than Wallace’s, but he did not have time to enjoy it, having been mortally wounded and dying shortly afterward.

Murray is not mentioned in Braveheart, but this is not the film’s funniest omission.

The masterstroke that brought the Scots victory at Stirling was a tactic that consisted of waiting for the vanguard of the English army to cross a narrow wooden bridge, then charging forward, trapping them and cutting them to pieces. The English commander ordered the bridge to be destroyed and condemned half of his army to oblivion.

The best place to view the landscape around Stirling is to climb the Wallace Monument, a 19th-century tower commemorating the Keeper of Scotland, a title also held by Murray, who has passed away.

In recent years, history buffs have been advocating for wider recognition of Andrew Murray, and a new monument is currently under construction in Stirling. When completed, this monument will depict Wallace and Murray standing beside each other in victory. Most of the battlefield is now under modern-day Stirling.

Falkirk, 1298

After a year of offensive warfare against an increasingly large English army, the Scots survived. Wallace wanted to conduct a night raid, but he was refused – the battle had to take place in the open, in daylight. Wallace chose a defensive position and set up his pikemen, archers, and knights.

The English mounted knights attacked, pushing the Scottish horses back, but failing to break through the four huge shields of foot soldiers.

In the movie Braveheart, the Scots lose because some of their nobles (including Robert the Bruce himself) betray Wallace. The truth turns out to be more prosaic: isolated and unable to run, the Shiltrons were pounded by English arrows until they fell to pieces.

Wallace fled, resigned his position as Keeper of Scotland, and virtually disappeared from the historical record until his capture in 1305. After his trial in August, he was executed (according to contemporary accounts, he was dragged naked behind a horse and then hanged, lured, and quartered) in a manner that looks very restrained in the film.

Bannockburn, 1314

After Wallace’s defeat at Falkirk, the title of Guardian of Scotland passed to Robert the Bruce, who was crowned King of the Scots in 1306.

Despite (or because of) this demonstration of national solidarity, the English continued to insist on their dominance. Robert turned to guerrilla tactics, biding his time until the conditions were right to meet the English face to face.

In June 1314, the English garrison in Stirling announced that it would surrender to the Scots if it did not receive reinforcements by the 24th of the month. Edward II sent 13,000 soldiers marching north, and Bruce’s army met them at Bannockburn, a winding waterway that proved disastrous for Edward. His shiltrons learned from Falkirk.

Killiecranks, 1689

Until the 17th century, England and Scotland were ruled by one king. In 1685, Charles II of England was succeeded by James II, a Roman Catholic.

The new Catholic dynasty on the throne of England and Scotland seemed uncontested, which angered the Protestant population, so they called on William of Orange (Netherlands), the husband of James’ daughter Mary, to cross the English Channel and take the throne. By 1689, this “Glorious Revolution” had taken place, but for many of James’s supporters, the battle was far from over.

At the head of the Jacobites in Scotland (“Jacob” is the Latin name for James) was the Viscount of Dundee, John Graham of Claverhouse. He gathered a detachment of 2,400 men, including 240 Cameron Highlanders, and engaged in battle with the government troops of General Hugh Mackay north of the steep wooded gorge of Killiecranky.

Glencoe, 1692

A bloody past but a promising tourist future. The events of February 13, 1692 – not so much a battle as a massacre – are among the most notorious in Scottish history.

After the defeat of the Jacobites, William demanded oaths of allegiance from the Scottish clans, ordering them to report to the magistrate by January 1, 1692.

Due to bad weather and treachery, Alasdair MacLean of the MacDonald clan of Glen Coe was almost a week late in signing. His enemies, including John Dalrymple, Secretary of State for Scotland, and senior members of the Campbell clan, plotted to destroy him.

Culloden, 1746

The events in Glen Coe remained in the memory of the Scots for a long time, and by 1745 they had found a defender of their anti-British dissent: Charles Edward Stuart, better known as “Bonnie Prince Charlie”.

After an unsuccessful attempt to capture and hold the north of England, Charles led his army to the north of Scotland, won the great Battle of Falkirk, and besieged Stirling Castle until reinforcements arrived.

Lacking money and resources, Charles decided to fight the English at Drumossie Moor, near Inverness. Each side chose its own tactics: the government troops relied on their firearms, while the Jacobites used the Highlander attack, a brave but unsuitable tactic for open marshland.

Culloden is one of Scotland’s most emotionally powerful sites – a bleak stretch of scrubby moorland 10 minutes from Inverness, virtually empty except for a new Visitor Center (opened in 2007) and a headstone and memorial shrine8.

This place is a reminder of both the historical injustice done to Scottish culture and its ultimate resilience in the face of adversity.

It’s also worth heading west to visit Glenfinnan, the place where Bonnie Prince Charlie raised his royal standard and launched the Jacobite rebellion. The Glenfinnan Monument is located on the shores of Loch Shiel in the Lochaber district of the Highlands.

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1. The Loch Ness Monster

Perhaps the most famous legend associated with Scotland is that of the Loch Ness Monster, affectionately known as “Nessie.” This elusive creature is said to inhabit Loch Ness, a large freshwater lake in the Scottish Highlands. Descriptions of Nessie vary, but many portray it as a large, long-necked creature resembling a plesiosaur.

The Legend: The myth of Nessie dates back to ancient times, with the first recorded sighting in the sixth century when Saint Columba allegedly encountered a monster in the river Ness. Over the years, numerous photographs and alleged sightings have fueled public fascination, leading many to speculate about the existence of this legendary beast.

2. The Selkies

Selkies are mythical creatures found in Scottish folklore, particularly in the coastal regions of the Highlands and Islands. These enchanting beings are said to be seals that can shed their skin to become human on land.

The Legend: According to the tales, selkies can be found on the shores during the summer months. They often gather in groups, and their beautiful songs are said to lure fishermen and sailors. However, if a human steals a selkie’s skin, the selkie is forced to remain on land and can be compelled to marry the human. The selkie often yearns to return to the sea, creating poignant stories of love and loss.

3. The Fairy Folk

Scotland is home to a rich tradition of tales about the “fairy folk” or “fae.” These supernatural beings are believed to inhabit the hidden corners of the countryside, often in places like fairy mounds, glens, and ancient stone circles.

The Legend: The fairy folk are known for their mischievous behavior, often playing tricks on humans. They are said to be beautiful but can be dangerous if offended. Stories tell of people being lured into the fairy realm, where time stands still, and those who enter may find it difficult to return to the mortal world.

4. Braveheart and the Legend of William Wallace

William Wallace is one of Scotland’s most celebrated heroes, known for his role in the Wars of Scottish Independence against England. His legend was immortalized in the film Braveheart, but the reality of his life is equally fascinating.

The Legend: Wallace’s defiance against oppression has turned him into a symbol of Scottish nationalism. His victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297 and his tragic execution in 1305 solidified his status as a martyr for Scotland. The stories surrounding Wallace have become legendary, representing the struggle for freedom and justice.

5. The Cailleach

The Cailleach is a powerful figure in Scottish mythology, often referred to as the “Old Woman” or “Hag.” She is associated with the creation of the landscape and the changing of the seasons.

The Legend: The Cailleach is said to have transformed herself into stone when she became old, and her legends often depict her as a weather deity who controls winter. In spring, she is said to turn to stone and lie down, allowing the land to flourish. The tales of the Cailleach highlight the connection between nature and the changing seasons, emphasizing the importance of the land in Scottish culture.

6. The Kelpies

Kelpies are water spirits from Scottish folklore, often depicted as shape-shifting creatures that can take the form of horses. They are believed to inhabit rivers and lakes, luring unsuspecting travelers to their doom.

The Legend: The Kelpies are said to entice people with their beauty, only to drown them in the water. The most famous representation of Kelpies can be found in the form of the colossal sculptures at The Helix in Falkirk, which pay homage to these mythical creatures while celebrating Scotland’s rich aquatic heritage.

The legends and myths of Scotland are an integral part of its cultural heritage, offering insight into the beliefs, values, and fears of the Scottish people throughout history. From the mysterious Loch Ness Monster to the enchanting tales of selkies and fairies, these stories continue to enchant and inspire both locals and visitors alike. Exploring these legends allows us to appreciate the depth of Scotland’s history and the vibrant storytelling tradition that has been passed down through generations. Whether you’re wandering the ancient landscapes or visiting historic sites, the echoes of these myths linger in the air, inviting you to uncover the magic of Scotland.

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Eilean Donan

There are many castles in Scotland, but this one is unanimously recognized as the most romantic. The reason for this is its cozy location and a lot of mystical legends on top of that. For example, about mysterious seal people who live under water, and when they come ashore, they throw off their seal skins, without which they cannot return back to their native element.

The castle is located on Loch Duich, which is the scene of a Gaelic tale: according to the legend, three brothers met “underwater” beauties on the shore. Two of them stole the girls’ skins so that they would not return home. The third one decided not to steal and in the end he got the girl’s love honestly. The stories of the two unwise brothers ended badly: one of the wives did slip into the sea, and the second was burned trying to save her skin from the fire.

Dunvegan Castle

Is the most famous castle on the Isle of Skye and has the distinction of being the oldest inhabited castle in Northern Scotland. It is inhabited by the 30th head of the clan Hugh Macleod. The author of the Clan Macleod motto “Hold Fast” (“Be Steady”) is considered to be Malcolm Macleod, who overcame a raging bull one on one. That is why a bull’s head is painted on the coat of arms of the clan.

Urchart Castle

Holds a special place in the hearts of the Scots. The huge and impregnable ruins of this fortress are reflected in the waters of Loch Ness. It is difficult to say what brings more pounds to the Scottish treasury – Urhart Castle or the monster, which seems to live in the lake…

Cawdor Castle

Cawdor is not only a name that is associated with Shakespeare’s Macbeth, but also Scotland’s magical, fairytale castle. Cowdor Castle dates back to the late 14th century, planned by Thanes Cowdor as a private fortress with a medieval tower built around a legendary sacred tree. Intrigue and history reign here.

Glamis Castle

Located 20 km from the city of Dundee and 120 km from the capital of Scotland – Edinburgh. The castle has long ceased to fulfill the functions of a fortress. Now one wing is a museum, and the other wing is the property of the owner of the castle.

Glamis belongs to the Bowes-Lyon family, the Earls and Countesses of Strathmore and Kinghorn. The owners and the area are closely associated with the royal family. It was here that the Queen Mother, mother of the current Queen Elizabeth II, was born. However, even the royal relatives are not as much of a tourist attraction as the many dark stories associated with the castle.

Edinburgh Castle

It is rightly considered the calling card of Scotland and a real tourist Mecca. The impregnable fortress, built on top of an extinct volcano, simply mesmerizes with its beauty and monumentality.

The beautiful road called the Royal Mile takes you to a real medieval city, imbued with the spirit of resilience and defiance of the Scottish people. Edinburgh Castle houses the royal crown and many other historical items. Almost all significant events for the Scottish people took place at this fortress. The struggle for independence, numerous sieges and betrayals, the reign of Mary Stuart, the civil war led by Oliver Cromwell – the whole history of England and Scotland is reflected in the exhibits of this museum, which makes Edinburgh Castle not just the center of the capital of Scotland.

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1. Trekking and Hiking

Scotland is renowned for its stunning hiking trails, ranging from gentle strolls to challenging treks. The varied terrain allows hikers to explore everything from rolling hills to dramatic mountains.

Popular Trekking Locations:

• West Highland Way: This famous long-distance walk stretches 96 miles from Milngavie to Fort William, taking you through some of Scotland’s most iconic landscapes, including Loch Lomond and the Highlands.
• Ben Nevis: The highest peak in the UK, Ben Nevis offers a challenging hike with breathtaking views from the summit. The ascent is a rewarding experience for avid trekkers.

2. Mountain Biking

Scotland’s varied terrain and extensive trail network make it a top destination for mountain biking. From forest trails to rugged mountain paths, there’s something for every skill level.

Top Biking Trails:

• Fort William: Known as the “Mountain Biking Capital of the UK,” Fort William offers trails suitable for all levels, with options to tackle the challenging terrain of the Nevis Range.
• Glentress Forest: Located near Peebles, this forest features a variety of purpose-built trails that cater to both beginners and experienced riders.

3. Watersports

With its numerous lochs, rivers, and coastal areas, Scotland is a fantastic place for watersports enthusiasts. From kayaking to windsurfing, there are plenty of options to explore.

Watersport Activities:

• Kayaking and Canoeing: Explore the stunning coastline or paddle along tranquil lochs. The sea lochs around Arisaig and the picturesque waters of Loch Awe are ideal for these activities.
• Surfing: The waves of Scotland’s west coast, particularly on the Isle of Tiree, attract surfers from around the world. The island’s consistent swells and sandy beaches make it a top surfing destination.

4. Wildlife Watching

Active adventures in Scotland aren’t just about the physical activities; they also provide fantastic opportunities for wildlife watching. Many of Scotland’s outdoor experiences allow you to spot native wildlife in their natural habitats.

Best Spots for Wildlife Watching:

• Cairngorms National Park: Home to a variety of species, including red deer and golden eagles, this park offers excellent hiking trails with wildlife viewing opportunities.
• Isle of Skye: Known for its stunning landscapes, the Isle of Skye is also great for spotting seals, otters, and various bird species along its coasts.

5. Golfing

Scotland is often considered the birthplace of golf, and there are numerous courses to explore, from seaside links to challenging highland courses.

Notable Golf Courses:

• St Andrews Links: Known as “The Home of Golf,” this legendary course offers a unique golfing experience steeped in history.
• Royal Aberdeen Golf Club: One of the oldest golf clubs in the world, it features stunning views of the North Sea.

6. Tiree Accommodation Self Catering: A Perfect Base for Adventure

For those looking to immerse themselves in outdoor activities on the Isle of Tiree, consider self-catering accommodations. Tiree accommodation self catering options provide flexibility and comfort, allowing you to unwind after a day of adventure. With fully equipped kitchens, you can prepare your own meals with fresh local ingredients, making it easy to fuel up for your next adventure.

Why Choose Self Catering?

• Flexibility: Prepare meals at your convenience and enjoy dining in a cozy setting after a day of exploration.
• Location: Many self-catering options are situated near popular outdoor activities, making it easy to access hiking trails, beaches, and other attractions.

Scotland offers a plethora of active adventures, from trekking through the breathtaking Highlands to kayaking in serene lochs. The diverse landscape provides endless opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts of all skill levels. With options for mountain biking, watersports, wildlife watching, and golfing, there’s something for everyone to enjoy. Consider staying in Tiree accommodation self catering to enhance your experience, allowing you the comfort and flexibility to make the most of your active getaway in this stunning country. Embrace the spirit of adventure and discover the natural beauty that Scotland has to offer!

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